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To cut through some of the confusion surrounding bitcoin, we need to divide it into two components. On the one hand, you have bitcoin-the-token, a snippet of code that represents ownership of an electronic concept sort of like a virtual IOU. On the other hand, you have bitcoin-the-protocol, a dispersed network that maintains a ledger of balances of bitcoin-the-token.
The system enables payments to be sent between users without passing via a central authority, such as a bank or payment gateway. It's made and held electronically. Bitcoins arent printed, like dollars or euros theyre made by computers all around the planet, using free software.
It was the first example of what we today call cryptocurrencies, a growing strength category that shares some features of traditional currencies, with verification based on cryptography.
A pseudonymous software developer going by the name of Satoshi Nakamoto suggested bitcoin in 2008, as an electronic payment system based on mathematical evidence. The idea was to generate a means of exchange, independent of any central power, which may be transferred electronically in a secure, verifiable and immutable way.
Bitcoins most important characteristic is it is decentralized. No single institution controls the bitcoin network. It is maintained by a group of volunteer coders, and run through an open network of dedicated servers spread around the world. This brings individuals and groups that are uncomfortable with the control that banks or government institutions have over their money. .
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Bitcoin solves the double spending problem of electronic currencies (in which electronic assets can readily be copied and re-used) via an ingenious combination of cryptography and economic incentives. In electronic fiat currencies, this function is fulfilled by banks, which gives them control over the traditional system. With bitcoin, the integrity of the transactions is maintained by a distributed and open network, owned by no-one. .
Fiat currencies (dollars, euros, yen, etc.) have an unlimited supply central banks can issue as many as they want, and can try to manipulate a currencys value relative to other people. Holders of this currency (and notably citizens with little alternative) bear the price.
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With bitcoin, on the other hand, the distribution is tightly controlled by the underlying algorithm. A small number of new bitcoins trickle out every hourand will continue to do so at a diminishing rate until a maximum of 21 million has been attained. check here This creates bitcoin more attractive as an asset in theory, if demand grows and the distribution remains the same, the value will increase. .
Even though senders of traditional electronic payments are often identified (for verification purposes, and to abide by anti-money laundering and other legislation), users of bitcoin in concept function in semi-anonymity. Since there is no central validator, users do not need to identify themselves when sending bitcoin to another user. When a transaction request is filed, the protocol checks all previous transactions to confirm that the sender has the necessary bitcoin in addition to the authority to send them.
In practice, every user is identified with the address of his or her pocket. Transactions can, with some effort, be tracked this way. Also, law enforcement has developed methods to identify users if necessary.
Furthermore, most exchanges are required by legislation to perform identity checks on their customers before they are allowed to buy or sell bitcoin, facilitating another manner that bitcoin utilization can be tracked. Since the network is transparent, the progress of a specific transaction is visible to all.
This is because there's absolutely no central adjudicator that can say ok, return the money. When a transaction is recorded on the network, and when greater than an hour has passed, it's not possible to change.
While this may disquiet some, it will mean that any transaction click to investigate on the bitcoin network cannot be tampered with.
The smallest unit of a bitcoin is referred to as a satoshi. It's one hundred millionth of a bitcoin (0.00000001) in todays prices, about one hundredth of a cent. This may conceivably enable microtransactions that traditional electronic money cannot.
Bitcoin is a digital currency, also known as a cryptocurrency. It was invented in 2008 by an anonymous person or group named Satoshi Nakamoto.